Flora and Fauna

Flora and Fauna GHNP – Biodiversity of the Park

The flora and fauna of GHNP (Great Himalayan National Park) represent one of the richest biodiversity zones in the Western Himalayas. Located in Himachal Pradesh, GHNP lies in a region known for its varied terrain and unique climate, making it ideal for a wide range of plant and animal species. These species are not only ecologically significant but also attract researchers and nature enthusiasts from around the world. The diversity of flora and fauna in GHNP reflects the park’s role as a crucial conservation area and a natural heritage site.

The Himalayan region, with its diverse climatic conditions, is home to numerous uncommon, endemic, and endangered species. Estimates suggest that the Himalaya hosts nearly 25,000 plant species, which is approximately 10% of the world’s known flora and nearly 50% of India’s endemic plant life. This includes a fascinating mix of fungi, lichens, mosses, flowering plants, and ferns.

T

The flora and fauna GHNP protects are remarkable. The park contains 832 plant species across 128 families and 427 genera—comprising 26% of Himachal Pradesh’s entire flora. Among these are 794 angiosperms, 11 gymnosperms like pine and conifers, and 27 fern species that thrive in GHNP’s altitudinal range.

In terms of fauna, GHNP is home to a wide variety of wildlife:

• 31 species of mammals, including the elusive snow leopard and Himalayan tahr

• 209 bird species, such as the western tragopan and Himalayan monal

• 12 reptiles, 9 amphibians, and 125 insect species

These species are not only ecologically significant but also attract researchers and nature enthusiasts from around the world. The diversity of flora and fauna in GHNP reflects the park’s role as a crucial conservation area and a natural heritage site. It serves as a living laboratory for biodiversity studies and a sanctuary for preserving Himalayan ecological balance.